How to Start Hacking: A Beginner’s Guide

Hacking is all about understanding how computer systems, networks, and security work. Some people do it for ethical reasons (White Hat hackers), while others do it for malicious purposes (Black Hat hackers). But if you’re reading this, chances are you’re interested in ethical hacking, which helps companies and individuals protect their data from cyber threats.

In this guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know to get started with hacking, including the necessary skills, best operating systems, and different types of hacking.

1. What is Hacking, and Why Should You Learn It?

Hacking means exploring and manipulating computer systems to understand their weaknesses. But not all hacking is bad! There are three main types of hackers:

• White Hat Hackers (Ethical Hackers) – These are cybersecurity professionals who help companies identify and fix security flaws. They work legally and follow strict ethical guidelines.
• Black Hat Hackers (Criminal Hackers) – These hackers exploit security vulnerabilities for personal gain, often engaging in illegal activities like stealing data, spreading malware, or hacking into bank accounts.
• Gray Hat Hackers – They fall somewhere in between. They might hack systems without permission but don’t always have malicious intent. Some gray hat hackers report security issues, while others cause damage.

If you want to make a career in cybersecurity, becoming an ethical hacker is the right path. Certifications like CEH (Certified Ethical Hacker) and OSCP (Offensive Security Certified Professional) can help you gain credibility.

2. Essential Skills You Need to Become a Hacker

Before you start hacking, you need a strong foundation in the following areas:

1. Networking

Networking is the backbone of hacking. You need to understand how data moves across networks and how different devices communicate. Learn about:

• IP addresses – Every device connected to the internet has one.
• DNS (Domain Name System) – Translates website names into IP addresses.
• Firewalls and VPNs – Security measures used to protect networks.

2. Operating Systems (Linux & Windows)

Linux is the most widely used OS for hacking because it gives you full control over the system. Start with Kali Linux, which comes pre-installed with security tools. However, understanding Windows security is equally important since most companies use Windows.

3. Programming & Scripting

Hacking often involves writing scripts to automate tasks or exploit vulnerabilities. Focus on:

• Python – Great for automating tasks and writing hacking tools.
• Bash scripting – Useful for Linux automation.
• C & C++ – Helps in understanding low-level system vulnerabilities.
• JavaScript – Essential for web hacking.

4. Cybersecurity Fundamentals

Learn about:

• Encryption – How data is protected using cryptography.
• Penetration Testing – Simulating cyberattacks to find weaknesses.
• Common vulnerabilities – SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Buffer Overflow, etc.

5. Ethical Hacking Tools

Familiarize yourself with tools used by ethical hackers:

• Nmap – Network scanning tool.
• Metasploit – Penetration testing framework.
• Wireshark – Packet sniffing tool.
• Burp Suite – Web security testing tool.

3. Best Operating Systems for Hacking

Choosing the right OS is crucial because it determines what tools you can use. Here are some of the best options:

1. Kali Linux (Most Popular for Hacking)

• Comes with over 600 pre-installed hacking tools.
• Used for penetration testing, security research, and digital forensics.
• Free and widely supported by the ethical hacking community.

2. Parrot Security OS

• A lightweight alternative to Kali Linux.
• Includes hacking tools plus privacy-focused features.
• Great for beginners who want a secure and easy-to-use OS.

3. BlackArch Linux

• Advanced penetration testing OS with over 2,000 security tools.
• Recommended for experienced users who want a customizable hacking setup.

4. Windows with Virtual Machines (VMs)

• Many hackers use Windows as their main OS and run Kali Linux or Parrot OS in a virtual machine.
• This allows you to switch between hacking and normal tasks easily.

5. Tails OS

• A privacy-focused OS that routes all traffic through the Tor network.
• Used for anonymous browsing, but not ideal for hacking.

4. Different Types of Hacking

Hacking is a broad field, and there are many different areas you can specialize in:

1. Web Application Hacking

• Finding vulnerabilities in websites and web apps.
• Common attacks: SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).
• Tools: Burp Suite, OWASP ZAP, Nikto.

2. Network Hacking

• Targeting network devices like routers and firewalls.
• Common attacks: Man-in-the-Middle (MITM), DNS spoofing.
• Tools: Wireshark, Aircrack-ng, Ettercap.

3. Wireless Hacking

• Cracking Wi-Fi passwords and exploiting weak encryption.
• Common attacks: WPA/WPA2 cracking, Evil Twin attacks.
• Tools: Aircrack-ng, Kismet, Reaver.

4. Cryptographic Hacking

• Breaking encryption algorithms to recover passwords.
• Tools: Hashcat, John the Ripper.

5. Mobile Hacking

• Testing security flaws in Android and iOS apps.
• Tools: Drozer, MobSF, Frida.

6. Cloud Hacking

• Finding vulnerabilities in cloud services like AWS, Google Cloud.
• Tools: Pacu, ScoutSuite, CloudSploit.

7. Social Engineering

• Manipulating people to gain unauthorized access.
• Common techniques: Phishing, pretexting, baiting.
• Tools: Social-Engineer Toolkit (SET), Gophish.

8. IoT Hacking

• Exploiting security flaws in smart devices (CCTV cameras, smart home systems).
• Tools: Shodan, IoT Inspector.

5. How to Practice Hacking Legally

If you want to practice hacking without breaking the law, follow these safe methods:

• Use Legal Training Platforms – Sites like Hack The Box, TryHackMe, and OverTheWire let you practice hacking legally.
• Set Up a Home Lab – Use VirtualBox or VMware to create a safe hacking environment.
• Follow Ethical Guidelines – Never hack without permission! Unauthorized hacking is illegal and can have serious consequences.
• Stay Updated – Cybersecurity is always evolving. Follow blogs, watch tutorials, and join hacker communities.

Conclusion

Hacking is an exciting and powerful skill, but it requires dedication and responsibility. Start by learning networking, programming, and security fundamentals. Use Kali Linux or Parrot OS, practice legally, and always act ethically. Whether you want to specialize in penetration testing, web security, or ethical hacking, the cybersecurity world has endless opportunities. Keep learning, stay ethical, and happy hacking!